charge state of sputtered particles

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• Sputtering — is a process whereby atoms are ejected from a solid target material due to bombardment of the target by energetic ions. It is commonly used for thin film deposition, etching and analytical techniques (see below). Physics of sputtering Physical… …   Wikipedia

• radiation — radiational, adj. /ray dee ay sheuhn/, n. 1. Physics. a. the process in which energy is emitted as particles or waves. b. the complete process in which energy is emitted by one body, transmitted through an intervening medium or space, and… …   Universalium

• spectroscopy — spectroscopist /spek tros keuh pist/, n. /spek tros keuh pee, spek treuh skoh pee/, n. the science that deals with the use of the spectroscope and with spectrum analysis. [1865 70; SPECTRO + SCOPY] * * * Branch of analysis devoted to identifying… …   Universalium

• Energetic neutral atom — ENAs redirects here. For other uses, see Enas (disambiguation). Neutral Atom Imaging redirects here. For other uses, see Atom (disambiguation). ENA images of the fluctuation of Earth s ring current during July 15–16, 2000 geomagnetic storm made… …   Wikipedia

• Fusion power — The Sun is a natural fusion reactor. Fusion power is the power generated by nuclear fusion processes. In fusion reactions two light atomic nuclei fuse together to form a heavier nucleus (in contrast with fission power). In doing so they release a …   Wikipedia

• industrial glass — Introduction       solid material that is normally lustrous and transparent in appearance and that shows great durability under exposure to the natural elements. These three properties lustre, transparency, and durability make glass a favoured… …   Universalium

• Sputter deposition — is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method of depositing thin films by sputtering, that is ejecting, material from a target, that is source, which then deposits onto a substrate, such as a silicon wafer. Resputtering is re emission of the… …   Wikipedia

• Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells — Copper indium gallium selenide (CuIn1 xGaxSe2 or CIGS) is a direct bandgap semiconductor useful for the manufacture of solar cells. Because the material strongly absorbs sunlight, a much thinner film is required than of other semiconductor… …   Wikipedia

• Zinc oxide — Other names Zinc white Calamine Identifiers …   Wikipedia

• Thin film — A thin film is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer (monolayer) to several micrometers in thickness. Electronic semiconductor devices and optical coatings are the main applications benefiting from thin film construction. A… …   Wikipedia

• National Ignition Facility — NIF s basic layout. The laser pulse is generated in the room just right of center, and is sent into the beamlines (blue) on either side. After several passes through the beamlines the light is sent into the switchyard (red) where it is aimed into …   Wikipedia